Simple present tense
단순 현재 시제 용법:
-
습관, 일반적인 진리, 반복 행위 및 변하지 않는 상황, 감정 및 희망 표현시:
I smoke (습관); I work in London (변하지 않는 상황); London is a large city (일반적인 진리) -
안내 지침 및 방향 설명시:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left. -
현재나 미래의 정해진 약속 표현시:
Your exam starts at 09.00 -
다음과 같은 일부 접속사와 함께 미래 시간 표현시: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
De tijd van de simple present wordt gebruikt:
-
Om gewoontes, algemene feiten, herhaalde handelingen of onveranderlijke situaties, emoties of wensen uit te drukken:
I smoke (gewoonte); I work in London (onveranderlijke situatie); London is a large city (algemeen feit) -
Om instructies of aanwijzingen te geven:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left. -
Om vaste afspraken weer te geven, huidige of toekomstige:
Your exam starts at 09.00 -
Om toekomstige tijd weer te geven, na sommige voegwoorden: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
Let op! De simple present wordt niet gebruikt om handelingen die nu plaatsvinden weer te geven.
Voorbeelden
-
Voor gewoontes
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly. -
Voor herhaalde handelingen of evenementen
We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer. -
Voor algemene waarheden
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.
-
Voor instructies of aanwijzingen
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford. -
Voor vaste afspraken
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March -
Met toekomstige constructies
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.
Het vormen van de simple present tense: to think
| Bevestigend | Vragend | Ontkennend |
|---|---|---|
| I think | Do I think? | I do not think |
| You think | Do you think? | You do not think |
| He thinks | Does he think? | He does not think |
| She thinks | Does she think? | She does not think |
| It thinks | Does it think? | It does not think |
| We think | Do we think? | We do not think. |
| They think | Do they think? | They do not think. |
Aantekeningen bij de simple present, derde persoon enkelvoud
-
In de derde persoon enkelvoud eindigt het werkwoord altijd op -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks. -
Ontkennende en vragende vormen gebruiken DOES (= de derde persoon van het hulpwerkwoord 'DO') + de infinitief van het werkwoord.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla. -
Werkwoorden eindigend op -y : de derde persoon verandert de -y in-ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Uitzondering: als er een klinker staat voor de -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays -
Voeg -es toe aan werkwoorden eindigend op: -ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
Voorbeelden
- He goes to school every morning.
- She understands English.
- It mixes the sand and the water.
- He tries very hard.
- She enjoys playing the piano.